Guides

Evergreen guides for founders and CFOs: how to value a company, how to sell it, how lenders size debt and sector EBITDA multiples.

• How to value a company: DCF, multiples and what buyers actually pay for — A practical guide to valuing a private company: normalised EBITDA, EV/EBITDA multiples, DCF with WACC and terminal value, and the bridge from enterprise value to the price the shareholders receive.
• How to sell a company in Spain: the M&A process step by step — The sale process of a Spanish private company from preparation to closing: vendor due diligence, teaser and NDA, information memorandum, indicative and binding offers, SPA, earn-outs and escrow.
• Senior debt financing: how lenders size a loan (leverage, DSCR, LTV and covenants) — How banks and private credit funds decide how much a company can borrow: net debt/EBITDA, DSCR, LTV, amortisation profile, covenants and what to prepare before asking for financing.
• EBITDA multiples by sector in Europe: reference table and how to use it — EV/EBITDA and EV/Sales multiples by sector for European listed companies (Damodaran, NYU Stern), and how to adjust them to value a private mid-market company.